Cocaine use and kidney damage.

production in rat mesangial cells (MC) by high glucose con-Goldschmeding R. CTGF: expression in the rat Thy 1.1 model centrations, mechanical strain and TGF-b: role in diabetic and regulation in mesangial cells and podocytes. J Am Soc glomerulosclerosis. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals stimulate gene expression TJ, Weening JJ, Goldschmeding R. CTGF in hypertensive in renal epithelial cells. growth factor (CTGF) expression in the glomeruli following 5/6 17. Wang S-N, LaPage J, Hirschberg R. IGF-binding protein-related nephrectomy: regulation by cytokines and abrogation by ACE-protein-2 (IGFBP-rP2) may play a role in proteinuria-inhibitors. Fisp12/mouse connective tissue tissue growth factor (CTGF) and TGF-b1 expression, predictors growth factor mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration of fibrosis in remnant kidneys, are prevented by chronic treat-through integrin aVb3, promotes endothelial cell survival, and ment with candesartan. Grondin J et al. Connective tissue factor induces the proliferation, migration, and tube formation growth factor (CTGF) as a determinant of extracellular matrix of vascular endothelial cells in vitro, and angiogenesis in vivo. (ecm) deposition in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. T et al. Cloning of rat growth factor induces wound repair of rat mesangial cell mono-connective tissue growth factor and its expression in streptozo-layers. mediates transforming growth factor b-induced collagen synthesis: downregulation by cAMP. The high frequency of cocaine abuse has been well Cocaine and rhabdomyolysis documented. In a university population in the US 6% of adolescents were cocaine users as documented by The first reports on the association between cocaine hair analysis [1], in Switzerland about 3% of adoles-abuse and acute renal failure were on cases with cents had taken heroin or cocaine at least once in their rhabdomyolysis [4,5]. This is still the most common life [2]. Apart from having mood elevating properties, form of cocaine-induced renal pathology. Cocaine-cocaine is capable of causing myocardial infarction, related rhabdomyolysis has a high mortality. The arrythmia, sudden death, stroke, seizures, bowel nec-mechanism of cocaine-associated rhabdomyolysis is rosis, and numerous other complications [3]. The acute unclear, but potentially includes ischaemia due to and chronic effects of cocaine use on other vasculatures vasoconstriction, direct toxicity, hyperpyrexia, and than the kidney have been reasonably well known, the increased muscle activity from agitation or seizure. full extent of the effects of cocaine on the kidney, Cocaine-associated rhabdomyolysis shares many fea-however, has become apparent more recently. tures with excited delirium. Compared with victims of In the following, I discuss renal pathology induced fatal acute cocaine toxicity, both victims of …